Mental Workload Assessment

We all feel stressed out and strained when we have work to do. Not only that, we experience situations like this even if we are just studying. More often, we feel pressured just by thinking the amount of exams to be prepared for, or for that next project that is necessary for a good promotion in the company. Mental workload is the right term for the stress and strain we experience, especially with regards to studying and working.   The Hanover College defines mental workload as â€Å"the feeling of mental effort or the level of use of the human operators limited resources† (n.d.).   In short, mental workload is a demand placed upon humans (Xiaoli, n.d.). When there is too much mental workload, it might lead to errors. Preventing this makes mental workload important to be understood. However, due to the many factors that must be considered in discussing mental workload, defining it becomes difficult. Mental workload is important in driving and aviation and design. In fact, most of the studies conducted about mental workload were about driving and aviation and task demands. This is perhaps due to the fact that a driver is required to do not just one but many tasks. Moreover, even though a driver is experienced, accidents still occur. De Waard (1996) conducted a study on mental workload among drivers. He said that driving a car looks like a pretty simple task for everyone. Driving schools provide comprehensive lessons and manuals on how to drive safely. But no matter how good a driver can be, accidents cannot be avoided. Moreover, these accidents are attributed to human failure. Human failure is still increased due to several factors. First is the increasing number of vehicles on the road. There is a demand on the human information processing system, and also increase in the likelihood of vehicles colliding. Second, people drive well into old age. However, older people tend to suffer from problems in terms of divided attention performance. It all started with the car radio, and then car phones and other technological devices. The driver must divide his attention to all these systems besides controlling the vehicle. Lastly, those drivers in a diminished state may endanger him. Most of the time, drivers set out at night for the longer journeys to avoid traffic. Driving at night can cause him sleepiness and fatigue. Aside from this, the driver can also be intoxicated (de Waard, 1996). Xiaoli (n.d.) presented the factors which affect driver workload, including the following: fatigue, monotony, sedative drugs and alcohol. Environmental factors also affect drivers, such as traffic demands, automation and road environment demands. There are different techniques in assessing mental workload, including the following: performance measures, physiological measures, and subjective task measures (or self-report measures) (Luximon & Goonetilleke, 2001). Primary and secondary task measures comprise the performance, or system output measures. An overview of each assessment technique will be discussed in the context of traffic research (driving or aviation). Performance Measures In Xiaoli’s (n.d.) slide presentation, he said that the measures usually belonging to this category are speed of performance, number of errors made and reaction time measures. Outside the laboratory, these become task-specific. De Waard (1996) said that most of primary-task measures include speed or accuracy measures. Aside from this, De Waard (1996) explained that primary-task performance establishes the efficiency of man-machine interaction. Not just the primary-task performance but also other workload measures must work together so that valid conclusions can be drawn about man-machine interaction. There are several approaches in the measurement of performance measures. First is the analytical approach (Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi and Dawes, 1995). According to Welford (1978, cited in Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi and Dawes, 1995), the analytical approach considers the detail at the actual performance of the task that will be assessed. Not only the overall achievement is examined but also the manner in which it is achieved. Another assessment technique is the synthetic methods. These start with a task analysis of the system. Task analytic procedures are then used to identify the specific performance demands placed on the operator. The third approach is the multiple measurement of primary task performance. This approach is very useful when individual measures of primary task performance do not show enough sensitivity to operator workload. On the other hand, Xiaoli (n.d.) indicated that secondary-task performance are about factors such as time estimation or time-interval production and memory-search tasks. The assumption associated with secondary task measure says that an upper limit exists on the ability of a human operator to gather and process information (Meshkati, Hancock, Rahimi & Dawes, 1995). The way to measure secondary-task performance is through another task included to the primary one. De Waard (1996) mentioned about the multiple-resource theory. The theory says that â€Å"the largest sensitivity in secondary-task measures can be achieved if the overlap in resources is high† (De Waard, 1996). According to Hancock, Vercruyssen and Rodenburg (1992), a person must have the ability to synchronize their actions with the dynamics of differing environmental demands so that he can survive and prosper in uncertain conditions. This means that the person must have some degree of autonomy with respect to space and time. However, secondary-task measures have disadvantages to consider. According to De Waard (1996), time sharing is not very efficient if the same resources are utilized. Moreover, additional instrumentation is required in secondary-task measures. Not only that, but there is lack of operator acceptance. There are also possible compromises to system safety. Subjective Task Measures There is much talk about the self-report measures, which is also called subjective measures. In fact, for De Waard (1996), self-report measures are advantageous because they can better show the real meaning of mental workload. These measures’ subjectivity is what makes self-report measures strong. Muckler and Seven (1992, as cited in De Waard, 1996) explained that self-report measures are strong because the awareness of the operator about the increasing effort used must give subjective measures an important role to play. Moreover, performance and effort are incorporated in self-report measures. Additionally, individual differences, operator state and attitude are also considered. Xiaoli (n.d.) said that the primary advantages of subjective task measures are high face validity, ease of application and low costs. However, there are also limitations in these measures. First is that there might be confusion of mental and physical load in rating. There might also be an exhibition of the operator’s inability to differentiate between external demands and actual effort or workload experienced. Second, limitations can be seen in the operator’s ability to introspect and rate expenditure correctly. Hancock, Brill, Mouloua and Gilson (2002) added that another disadvantage of self-report measures is that they cannot be used for online workload assessment. Physiological Measures According to De Waard (1996), physiological measures showed sensitivity to global arousal or activation level and in some stages in information processing. One advantage of this is that physiological responses do not need an obvious response by the operator. Additionally, most cognitive tasks do not need overt behavior. Moreover, some of the measures can be collected continuously. Kramer (1991, cited in De Waard, 1996) showed some of the disadvantages of these measures. First is that there must be specialized equipment and technical expertise to be able to utilize these measures. Second is the presence of signal-to-noise ratios. Kramer furthered that in operator-system performance, the operator’s physiology is not directly involved, unlike in primary-task performance. Other physiological measures involved in driving are pupil diameter, endogenous eye blinks, blood pressure, respiration, electrodermal activity, hormone levels, event related potentials, and electromyogram. De Waard (1996) furthered that not all measures are sensitive to workload when it comes to performance. There are instances when dissociation between these measures of different categories was reported. He said that dissociation occurs between measures when they do not correspond to changes in the workload, or if there is an increase in one measure and a decrease in another. Performance is thus affected by the amount of resources invested and the demands on working memory. Hancock, Brill, Mouloua and Gilson (2002) said that although physiological measures present global assessments of workload, they do little to balance the demands of tasks on sensory systems. In addition, physiological measures provide little or no information about what sensory systems are most taxed. To measure mental workload, two groups must be considered (Gopher & Donchin, 1986, cited in De Waard, 1996). Self-report measures, physiological measures and performance measures are included in the first group. This group supposes that it is probable to achieve a global measure of mental workload. The second group includes secondary-task measures and some of the physiological measures. This group is concerned about those diagnostic procedures and has something to do with the theories of multiple resources. References De Waard, Dick. (1996). The measurement of drivers’ mental workload. The Netherlands: The Traffic Research Center VSC. Hancock, P.A., Brill, J.C., Mouloua, M., & Gilson, R.D. (2002). M-SWAP: On-line workload assessment in aviation. Paper presented at the 12th International Symposium on Aviation Psychology. Dayton, OH. Hancock, P.A., Vercruyssen, M., & Rodenburg, G.J. (1992). The effect of gender and time-of-day on time perception and mental workload. Current Psychology: Research and Review,. 11, 203-225. Hanover College. (n.d.). Mental Workload. Retrieved October 27, 2007 from http://psych.hanover.edu/classes/hfnotes3/tsld022.html Luximon, A. & Goonetilleke, R. (2001). Simplified subjective workload assessment technique. Ergonometrics, 44, 229-243. Meshkati, N., Hancock, P.A., Rahimi, M., & Dawes, S.M. (1995). Techniques of mental workload assessment. In J. Wilson and E.N. Corlett, (Eds.). Evaluation of human work: A practical ergonomics methodology. (Second Edition), London: Taylor and Francis. Xiaoli, Yi. (n.d.). Measurements of mental workload. [Slide presentation]. Available on http://www.slideshare.net/ESS/measurement-of-mental-workload/            

Chris Mccandless Essay

People travel into the wild prepared to face the worst; they do not want to encounter a deadly situation. The man in Jack London’s â€Å"To Build a Fire† went into the cold prepared for nothing, he felt that he was above nature and it could not affect him. Chris McCandless in Jon Krakauer’s â€Å"Into The Wild† went into the wild unprepared for the conditions he was about to face. As a person who read the writings of Jack London, his death seems somewhat ironic. â€Å"To Build a Fire† by Jack London brings out the irony even more, we see how London wrote and how it relates to how Chris died. Chris McCandless is a person who did not believe in rules of society. He believed that he was above rules. He even felt he could defeat nature; he went into the wild expecting to come out alive while he lived on what nature gave him. â€Å"Alaska has long been a magnet for dreamers and misfits, people who think the unsullied enormity of the Last Frontier will patch all the holes in their lives† (Krakauer, 6). This is exactly what Chris was trying to do when he went into the Alaskan wilderness. He wanted to escape the rules and suffering he faced in society. Jim Gallien recalled, â€Å"He wasn’t carrying anywhere near as much food and gear as you’d expect a guy to be carrying for that kind of trip† (Krakauer, 5). The man in â€Å"To Build a Fire† went to go meet his friends in the cold with nothing to protect him or keep him warm except the clothes on his back, and a dog that accompanied him. Chris and the man both went into the wilderness underprepared for the challenges they would face. Chris read Jack London throughout his life, he knew about his stories and this is how he learned about the beauty of the Alaskan wilderness, but as he read he should have also learned of the dangers. Even though he read these stories by Jack London he still went into the wild unprepared. Chris McCandless spent most of his life in a warm climate. He was born in California, grew up in Virginia, and went to college in Georgia. Chris has never experienced anything relatively close to the Alaskan climate. Through reading stories about people experiencing the Alaskan wilderness Chris should have learned about the dangers that people faced in the cold temperature. The man was not scared of the cold at all, he felt as if he was above it and ended up dying. This shows the dangers of undermining the climate of the north and Chris did the same. He tried to live off of the land that was barren. The man was not concerned with â€Å"the absence of sun from the sky, the tremendous cold, and the strangeness and weirdness of it all—made no impression on the man† (London). The man in â€Å"To Build a Fire† was a representation of rational thinking, and how people in society believe mankind is more powerful than the world. This thinking was evident in Chris’s life. He felt that he was above the laws of the government. He did what he wanted, â€Å"On December 2, he reached the Morelos Dam and the Mexican border. Worried that he would be denied entry because he was carrying no identification, he sneaked into Mexico by paddling through the dam’s open floodgates and shooting the spillway below† (Krakauer, 25). There are resemblances between the qualities of the man and Chris McCandless. Chris’s death was not ironic but the reason he died was ironic. To Build a Fire† is a story about a man who is a very rational thinker who died because he felt he was better than nature and it could not kill him, the dog he traveled with lived because it relied on instincts. Chris went into the wild with a mindset similar to this man’s mindset. This is what brought out the irony of Chris’s death, he was an avid reader of Jack London and by reading his stories he should have been able to conclude that in order to survive in this climate he needed to be more prepared for difficult situations than he was.

WK4SUBJ Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

WK4SUBJ - Assignment Example His diet in the last 24 hours includes corn flakes, milk, three apples, diet soda, rice and chicken. He is currently not on any medication. He takes fluids regularly, at least one liter of clean water daily. His physical exercise involves walking to and from work daily, a total of 4 miles. He spends most of his day standing or walking around the factory. No psychological stress reported. On inspection, the client looks healthy and of normal weight. The current total body weight is 73kg, which has not increased in last three months. The client does not have any problem chewing, walking or in performance of other activities. There is no report of muscular, joints or bone throbbing. Client reports having had a fall in childhood that resulted in a dislocated knee joint. The dislocation was handled, and there was no further problems with the knee. No other problem was reported involving the muscles, joints or bones. The client has completed tetanus and polio immunization schedule. The client has never been diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, SLE or sickle cell anemia. The client has regular exercise. He walks to work (4 miles) each day. In cases of muscular pain, the client uses anti-inflammatory balm for relief. The client does not smoke or take alcohol. He likes taking a diet soda on weekends. His typical diet includes milk, bread, rice and beef. He works at a chemical factory where most of his day is spent standing or walking around. He reports normal sexual life and is not stressed. Client reports slight headache that was on and off in the last one week. There is no report of seizure activity accompanying the headache. Bending and strenuous activity exacerbated the headache. There is no report of decreased sensation of taste, smell, hearing or sight. The client has adequate memory and reports no problems with hearing, swallowing or body control. There is a positive history of high blood pressure in the family. The client’s mother is

Reflect on If I could be any historical figure within the time period, Research Paper

Reflect on If I could be any historical figure within the time period, who would I be and why - Research Paper Example In essence, politics revolve around who governs what country, what government is which country and how people are governed. It is argued that, politics dictate the social and economic lives of people in varying countries (Hout 3). As such, countries with good governance or political stability are said to have good social and economic life while those with poor political governance or no stability mostly suffer from social and economic slowdown (OHCHR 3). In regard to history and world politics, I would have wanted to be Dr, Martin Luther King Jnr. in the last three centuries. Dr. King had been brought up by a religious family where his father is alleged to have a strict hand in term of discipline for him, his elder sister and the younger. Despite the involvement of the family in church and his father being a minister, Martin Luther King was reluctant to religion and at most rebellious (Fairclough 35). In mid 1950s , the King Jr began his activism on civil rights and played a hug role bringing to an end the legal segregation that had built up between the Africans – Americans in the U.S. Moreover, he managed to push for the formation of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 (Nelson 22). In a general sense, Martin Luther King made a huge impact on the continuous segregation that was witnessed the U.S in the 1960’s. ... As a result of the bizarre bus incident and the arrest of the African American, other Africa American come together to fight against racism and elected Dr. King as their leader. This group of African American began by fight against segregation in the Montgomery Buses and soon, the Africans could no longer receive unfair treatment for the rest of the Americans (Fairclough 38). In the same year, the segregation of the bus was boycotted, fellow Americans who referred themselves as ‘whites’ were agitated by the influence that Martin Luther King had made on African Americans and they decided to raid his house with the intention of killing him. However, their mission was unsuccessful as no one was hurt during the incident. As a result of the problem that African American encounter due to segregation, they decided to push their fight a step high by coming up with Southern Christian Leadership Conference. Through the activism and leadership of Dr. King, they expanded their non v iolent battle against discrimination that had spread to every part of the U. S. It is worth mentioning that, the infamous civil rights activity facilitate by Martin Luther King Jr to place in August 1963. The activity entailed the King as the main leader and other blacks who were civil right leaders across the country held in Washington DC. The agenda of the meeting was to compel the congress to pass a bill that had been created by the then president Kennedy. Of importance to note is that the meeting was held by both white are and blacks at the Lincoln memorial. Written down as the infamous speech â€Å"I Have a Dream†, the speech gave a definition of the moral basis that revolved around civil rights movement. Indeed, the congress was convinced and the following year they

Usability study of software lifecycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Usability study of software lifecycle - Essay Example The main emphasis of the book is on practical methods rather than a theoretical one. The author highlights relevant information; skills and techniques needed in the process of designing of an attractive and efficient interface. Several factors affecting the design, efficiency and usability of User interfaces including common errors made are highlighted throughout the book. By dividing the book into five (5) chapters, the author is able to clearly examine Graphic User Interface’s (GUIs). All the chapters of the book are coherent and not isolated or independent in topic content. He proposes incorporating fundamental principles for industrial and domestic designs and their concept to the Graphic user interface design. These principles are broadened through levels increasing from the most theoretical to practical using examples of various graphic user interface implementation on a windowing platform such as in Windows; the Apple Mackintosh (Mac), Motif and other X-Windows based systems. A GUI designer team should possess relevant skills such as Graphics design, System Analysis, Cognitive and Task Engineering skills. I. Fundamental principles of design: the first principle states ‘simple tasks deserve simple interfaces’ while the second principles similarly states that ‘complex tasks demand guidance and elucidation’. The ability to differentiate between complex and simple task is easily acquired by learning from feedbacks or experiences of users. Using the Microsoft Word version 6.0 which has undergone considerable revision as a case study, the author concludes that the certain factors such as Visibility, Feedback, and Mapping & Affordances as not totally disjoint components of design but highlights them as the elements of design. He states that the absence of these factors leads to many errors in design. A good User Interface supports cognitive processes such as memory and learning while avoiding overloading shift memory. A combination of

Insanity vs Psychosis in a legal concept Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Insanity vs Psychosis in a legal concept - Essay Example Psychosis can also be associated with heavy drug abuse and drug use (Hirstein, 2009). Insanity on the other hand generally refers to the broad range of abnormal behavior and instability thereby making people think of it as closely linked or related to psychosis. Just as in psychosis, insanity is perceived as mental instability that makes people see things that are not real, and makes them think, behave, believe and act differently which manifest in behaviors that violates widely held social norms. These acts can collectively lead to endangering ones and others lives or may lead to one committing an unintended or accidental crime (Ewing & C. 2008). These two aspects, psychosis and insanity, hence are very essential when it comes to defining legal concepts and practice. This is so because over the past several criminal cases have been witnessed where the accused were seemingly driven to commit crimes due to their mental conditions, while others defend their criminal actions by claiming they were not in their rightful state of mind. This has consequences, through the practice of law over time, brought about what is known as the â€Å"Insanity Defense Law† which extensively connects psychiatry and law. The Insanity Defense Law, used by criminal defenders or lawyers, is based on the provisions that a defendant must be found not guilty by reason of insanity if, at the time of the alleged offense, and as a result of severe mental disease or defect, he/she did not know what he/she was doing, or that what he was doing was wrong (Ewing, 2008). This in the Law system therefore means that there are criminals who can’t be held accountable for their crimes due to mental disease, or a mental condition that makes one unable to make a rational decision at the time of the crime. It is however important to note that for this law to be applicable the defendant must be in a competent position to stand in a trial. In cases where the accused is incompetent, he/she is se nt to a mental institution until considered able of participating in the trial. Additionally those who are considered completely insane are sent into an asylum prison in order to prevent danger of harming oneself or others (Hirstein, 2009). From these proponents, the exercise of â€Å"Insanity Defense Law† sometimes makes it difficult to distinguish between psychosis and insanity in a legal concept. In some cases for instance, varying from state to state on how the Law is practiced, if the legal tests proves that the accused is generally insane, the final ruling will be based on specifically that and not whether it was due to temporary psychosis as a health condition or permanent insanity (permanent psychotic mental disorder). Temporary psychosis as a health condition might be caused by sudden mental illness such as brain tumor and use of drugs that in turn may impair mental functions while permanent insanity or psychotic mental disorder is caused with a permanent mental illn ess that cannot be treated easily such as schizophrenia. The provisions of the law insist that defendants established to have committed the crime while in temporary psychos

What Changes Have Taken Place during the 20th CenturyThe impact of Essay

What Changes Have Taken Place during the 20th CenturyThe impact of historical developments to culture - Essay Example The affluent families have larger homes now, and each member of the family has their own room, keeping them more cut off from each other. The interchanging roles of women in the society could also be seen as a culture change. The traditional role of women was challenged in the mid 20s, as women became members of the working force, thereby changing the culture of matriarchal society. During the turn of the 20th century that is, from 1900 to 1990, remarkable things were invented that changed the lives of the American people, and eventually the world (American History Timeline). This era brought inventions such as light bulb, the telephone, the photograph, the automobile and in later years, the airliners, motorways, supertankers, radio, television, antibiotics, frozen food, computers, the Internet, and mobile telephones. All of these developments have greatly affected the people and its culture. Also at the beginning of the 20th century, the feeling of discrimination based on race and sex was still rife. Although slave trade has ended by the end of the 19th century, the pressure for equality rights for Africans in the white society of America still persisted. At the end of this era, women won equal rights and have the same rights as men anywhere. The time line for the start of cultural change starts in 1900 to 1990.(American Cultural History). In 1910, the way people moved from a place to another was dictated by 8000 automobiles that travelled in a 10 miles of paved road. In 1920, it will take 13 days from California to reach New York in the paved road of 387,000 miles. This time also marked the beginning wherein Americans started to become interested in arts and paintings. Europe has a big influence on American artists as this is the place where they went to learn how to paint. Realism and Impressions were the designs popularized by American Artists like Sergeant, Winslow Homer, Charles Rusell and Frederick Hamilton. Their paintings depicted self-portrait, American lifestyles and landscapes which were framed and were hung onto the American homes(ACH). Kodak invented by George Eastman made the greatest impact in the 20th century because it was able to record important events in their lives. Photography was used to document l ives of important people, places of interests, and personalities. During the 19th century, photography was started as a trade and was left in the hands of professionals. This trade did not require any license and all that is needed to begin the trade is buy the equipment, follow the procedural instructions, and then proceed. The openness of the trade changed the culture of painting tradition into the more sophisticated art of photography(Gartner, Gretchen) Beautiful straight and low designed homes

Strategic Plan for a Non-Profit Organization Coursework

Strategic Plan for a Non-Profit Organization - Coursework Example Our organization would be a forum for people, facing mental illnesses and disturbance in their lives. On this regard the title set for the organization is â€Å"Foundation of Behavioral Health & Services†, a facilitation center for behavioral health and mental stability. Vision and the Cause of Origin Our mental health organization is going to be a behavioral health treatment institution, an institution which facilitates people with mental sickness, instability, or disturbance becoming barriers to face life deepest challenges or dejections. It would be a complete non-profit based organization that provides training and guidance to the people to meet societal challenges like ignorance, mistreatment or discouragement. This stands out as a vision for the organization, a vision to flourish peoples’ lives and their living situations. Plan for Investment and Fund Raising There are many people who would like to see a behavioral health institution to grow and thrive in the stat es of Indiana, like people in the medical health profession or in the behavioral health services. There are many psychologists, school professors or rehabilitation facilitators who would like to be part of a non-profit mental health institution like ours. These are the ones who can support and raise some funds to develop the organization within the states region. Several counseling schools could also invest on, and for the institution which is just for the people and community, Government would also become part of it to support its special noble cause. Apart from all there are many bureaucrats who can be part of the investment, bringing basal investment which is required to open the doors of the institution and laying the initial foundation. Indiana is one of the largest States in the US having a population of around 6 to 7 million people. Among such huge population there are definitely lots of chances to generate the initial funds and investment required to give a birth to the newe r organization. City of Columbus is a mega city of the states of Indiana, where the plan is to set the headquarters of the organization. The city itself can generate a lot of investment in the start, which would be sufficient enough to lay the foundation of the organization. Hierarchy and New Positions To open a non-profit organization which is devoted to a special cause, there is a must need to bring specialists to serve the cause and vision of the organization. For a non-profit behavioral health institution, we would acquire specialists from psychology, psychotherapy, psychiatry or further detailed subjects like co-counseling, cognition or cognitive psychology. All of such departments would be opened for newer positions, for those who are experienced and those holding the fresh diplomas or degrees. Initially there would be three major departments including psychology, psychiatry, and behavioral counseling where each department would be aligned with 6 major working positions. It wo uld be a decentralized structure, where decisions will flow from top to middle level management and then to the executive staff to complete the task. Apart from operational departments, Accounts and Administration would be further functioning department in the setup, which would be responsible for managing the day to day records of the patients. Board of Directors Top leadership plays a crucial role in the functioning of a non-profit organization or institution. Their decisions are effectual for the entire hierarchy structure of the organization. We as foundation of behavioral health and services rely on bright leadership, visionary and thinkers. The team of board of directors include Mr. Robert De Sousa (a specialist in Expressive Psychiatry), James

Gender and Ethnic Minority Exclusion within Construction Dissertation

Gender and Ethnic Minority Exclusion within Construction - Dissertation Example The women contribute about 49% to the labor force of the United Kingdom. But they constitute just 9% to the entire  labor force employed in the construction industry. The part by part figures of this small number of women participating in the construction industry reveal some further facts. A tenth of all these women working in the construction industry is in design and management and a hundredth works as a tradesperson. A vast majority, about 84% work in the secretariat of the construction companies. The other fractions are 2% as sole traders and 4% as micro-enterprises. (Where Have All the Women Gone? n.d) The data shows that majority of the women employed in the construction industry work from office (Byrne, Clarke, & Meer, 2005). Similar is the case for racial discrimination. In the USA in 1991 only 32700 Afro-American people worked in the construction industry out of the total 4.7 million people employed. 1n 1977 out of the total revenue of $73.87 churned out by the constructi on industry, the black construction firms accounted for a mere $758 million. Studies carried out in Atlanta, Chicago, San Francisco, Seattle and elsewhere have confirmed the existence of wide racial discrimination in the construction industry. (A Croson to Bear, 1992) There has been increased participation of the ethnically minor groups and women in the entire labor force. This can be accounted to the fact that there has been an increase in consciousness regarding this and policy, changes to encourage their participation. The European Union has undertaken a policy to overcome this segregation of the labor market. However, the representation of the aforementioned groups in the skilled construction group has been dismal. More or less in every part of Europe, this discrimination exists irrespective of the nature or structure of the construction industry. The incidence of such discrimination can be experienced in the deregulated industry Italy and Spain as well as the regulated and training oriented industries of England and Denmark.

Matrix for diverse learners Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Matrix for diverse learners - Essay Example 1. Childrens USA Wall Map (Available at http://www.maps.com/): This well designed map combines geography with state by state information in both pictures and words. What is best about its design is that some pictures may be familiar to the student and some may not. This prompts the children to ask questions of each other and the teacher or parent about them. All of the items are numbered so that you can look up the unfamiliar objects and then go to other resources to find out even more information. For instance if you look towards Memphis you see some strange man with big hair and a red suit singing into a microphone, when you look him up you are introduced to Elvis Presley. All the pictures are cartoon-like and humorous to attract more interest and attention, also adding to the creative nature of the map. The map is best for Early Childhood, as it is informative and entertaining, hearing impaired since it is completely visual, and gifted as it is full of knowledge presented in a very creative fashion. The pictorial representations are also appropriate for the multicultural student. The only flaw that keeps it from being useful in all categories is that it is rather crowded with information and may seem daunting to the learning disabled and certainly to the limited sight children who would surely have difficulty discerning the smaller features. It also may by too busy and distracting for those with Behavior Challenges like Attention Deficit Disorder and the like. There may be too many follow up questions asked to make it a worthwhile map for those children. In fact this company also produces a World Map that is even more crowded and condensed and would be even more inappropriate for these three categories. 2. Eyewitness Dinosaur (Produced by Dorling Kindersley / DK 1997): This Video has cross applicability to all of the seven categories. It describes in simple language, narrated by Martin

Investigation Completion and Analysis Essay Example for Free

Investigation Completion and Analysis Essay Evaporation is a process where liquid is converted to vapor with the purpose of separating it from a dissolved solid or from a liquid that is higher in boiling point in experiments or investigations on how to separate soluble solid in liquids (Holland, 2005). Evaporation technique was chosen for the experiment because it is easy and simple to execute compared to other methods of separation such as distillation. 2. Distillation Distillation is an investigative technique used in separation of mixtures based on conditional and differences required to change the components phases of the mixture. It can be applied in a mixture of liquids, and the mixture of soluble solutes and solvents like in this experiment. During the distillation process, the water is heated into the gas phase of the vapor leaving the salts deposits, then condenses back into liquid form that is then collected. The process is then repeated again to improve the water purity (Porteous, 2010). This method was obtained because pure water can be obtained 3. Crystallization This technique is a process of solid crystals formation from a solution. This technique is a technique of separating solids and liquids in which transfer of solute from a solution to a solid crystalline which pure occurs (Jones, 2002). This method was chosen because pure solutes can be obtained. Modifications made, and justification for the changes 1. In evaporation, I applied some heat from flames to the containers holding solution of water and salt. I applied the heat to increase the rate of evaporation instead of leaving it open in the air and under the sunshine that is slow. 2. I used ice in the condenser to condense maximum amount of vapor. Moreover, I re-distilled the condensed water to get maximum dissolved salts again. 3. In crystallization, I left the crystallization process to proceed slowly undisturbed instead of fast cooling. This was to prevent impurities from getting attached to the salts and also to get bigger crystals. Ways to ensure the accuracy To ensure accuracy, I ensured that the same amount of solvent and solution was used in the three experiments. Moreover, an equal amount of time was applied on all the experiments to get accurate results. Lastly, I ensured that the salts and the water had no impurities that could affect their boiling points. Ways to ensure reliability Reliability in the techniques was determined by the experiments producing consistent results. To ensure reliability, I started with the evaporation method which the results were salt and water, distillation and crystallization also produced consistent results of salt and water.Ways to ensure validity Validity indicates the extent to which the applied technique in the separation process separated the components it was intended to separate. To ensure the validity, I ensured that salt and water which were the components of the solution that was to be separated were the end products. The process requires a lot of heat energy which might be expensive. However, solar heat is slow and evaporates small quantities of the solution. The method is suitable in situations where salt is the only product needed. However, collection of water vapor is difficultDistillation The distillation process desalinate water removes dangerous heavy metals like mercury, arsenic and lead, and the soluble salts that harden the water such as magnesium, calcium and phosphorous. Therefore, it is preferable for distillation of drinking water. However, this process is ineffective in separation of soluble salts that has lower boiling points than water such as synthetic chemicals, chlorine solutions, herbicides and pesticides (Porteous, 2010). Moreover, it requires large source of heat which is costly. Lastly, the distillation process strips water its natural trace elements; hence the hydrogen composition in water increases and makes water acidic (Porteous, 2010). Crystallization The process is complex compared to the evaporation method. It is also unsuitable where water is to be collected as an end product. However, it is advantageous since pure salts can be obtained for usage (Jones, 2002). b) Suggestions of possible improvements Alternative sources of heat could be used such as the use of solar energy to reduce high costs incurred in the evaporation and distillation process. Despite the fact that solar energy cannot produce a high amount of energy needed to heat the large amount of the solution for a longer duration of time, it is the best cost-wise. Given that some dissolved salts have lower boiling points than the water hence difficult to separate them from water, the boiling point of water can be lowered by lowering the gas pressure above the liquid. The distillation process strips water its natural trace elements, hence making water to be acidic due to increased proportion of hydrogen. To avoid water being acidic, beneficial salts can be added into the water for human consumption such as calcium that is good in formation of bones. References Holland, C. D. (2005). Fundamentals and modeling of separation processes: absorption, distillation, evaporation, and extraction. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice-Hall. Jones, A. G. (2002). Crystallization process systems. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Porteous, A. (2010). Saline water distillation processes. London: Longman. Source document

Context Aware Academic Planner Design

Context Aware Academic Planner Design Designing a Context Aware Academic Planner Al Khan bin Abdul Gani Abstract Academic calendar planner is an application whereby can give tremendous advantages to students, particularly university students and academic personnel. By using the academic calendar planner, student and academic personnel can manage their academic schedule anytime anywhere. Academic calendar planner let user to edit and amend their calendar activity up to date. Rather than that, user can have the interaction between other user which is interaction between lecturers and students. One ability that can’t be find in other academic calendar planner is the ability to change the view from monthly, weekly and daily basis and per semester based on user preference. And for that, academic calendar planner allow user to create group and which each user has ability to see the schedule of other user. Keywords— Academic Planner, social application Introduction The aim of this paper is to determine the context aware to be considered to develop academic planner by do literature review on previous paper and conducting a survey of students and lecturers to acquire the response regarding the academic planner. This paper focuses on proposed academic planner for UiTM. Academic calendar planner is an application whereby can give tremendous advantages to students, particularly university students and academic personnel. By using the academic calendar planner, student and academic personnel can manage their academic schedule anytime anywhere. Academic calendar planner let user to edit and amend their calendar activity up to date. Rather than that, user can have the interaction between other user which is interaction between lecturers and students. One ability that can’t be find in other academic calendar planner is the ability to change the view from monthly, weekly and daily basis and per semester based on user preference. And for that, acad emic calendar planner allow user to create group and which each user has ability to see the schedule of other user. Background This application develop for those student, lecturer and academic personnel who’re looking for featured application to manage their academic calendar. Current system in Universtity for an example UiTM only provide non-dynamic academic application to Student and Lecturer. Basically they totally rely on academic calendar to help them manage their academic schedules. But the problem with the existing academic calendar is, the calendar are limited to certain activities such as: Only academic personnel has right to add new academic plan, university events, public holidays etc. Lecturer and student can only view the calendar. They don’t have the authorization to do the updates or change any of the calendar information. Sometimes Lecturer wants to cancel and do the class replacement. Because of limited functionality of the current academic calendar, this leads to unreliable calendar information. In certain circumstances, student need to meet their lecturer, unfortunately lecturer is not are not around. This is due to unreliable calendar information about the availability status. METHODOLOGY This research is to determine key areas for a specification requirement to be considered for designing a context aware Academic. Two approaches have been used to find the best practice to identify the appropriate elements and features based on a literature survey and questionnaires. FRAMEWORK Element/Feature Application Figure 1: Research mission. Figure 1 represent the methods used to determine the features before design the application Literature review A literature review need to be done in order to continue the study on this topic. A literature survey was conducted to investigate the current issues and common element features of developing a context aware. Table 2 is a draft of element functions involving the academic planner system. TABLE 2: DRAFT FROM LITERATURE SURVEY The existing other Planner A literature review need to be done in order to continue the study on this topic Context awareness Ubiquitous computing (pervasive systems) was first proposed by Weiser (1991). Context-aware systems are a type of pervasive system and are viewed by computer scientists as a mature technology [1, 2]. A definition for context is given by Day in [3]: context is any information that can be used to characterize the situation of an entity, an entity is a person, place, or object that is considered relevant to the interaction between a user and an application, including the user and application themselves. Context-aware systems are able to gather contextual information from a variety of sources without explicit user interaction and adapt their operation accordingly [4]. Context-aware systems have the ability to integrate easily with any service domain, such as healthcare, commerce, learning and transport. A context-aware system must include three essential elements: sensors, processing and action. Three types of sensors are defined: physical, virtual and logical [5]. A physical sensor, such as a camera or thermometer, captures information about its local environment [6]. In contrast, virtual sensors extract information from virtual space, which is defined as the set of data, applications and tools created and deployed by the user. Logical sensors combine physical and virtual sensors to extract context information. For example, a company can infer that an employee is working from home using login information (a virtual sensor) and a camera (physical sensor) [1]. Context-aware user interfaces facilitate the user interaction by suggesting or prefilling data derived from the users current context. This raises the problem of determining which context information can be used as input for which interaction element in the user interface. This task is especially challenging as the texts that describe the elements, e.g. their labels, often differ in the terminology used. To facilitate the interaction with an application, we need user interfaces (UIs) that provide proactive assistance, for example by suggesting which values to enter in a form. Melanie is his paper present a novel mapping process for that purpose which combines the advantages of string-based and semantic similarity measures to bridge the vocabulary gap between context and UI element, and which is able to automatically extend its vocabulary by observing the users interactions. Their research show that these two features dramatically increase the quality of the resulting mapping. Unlike previous approaches, the proposed mapping process does not require any training or manually tagged data. Further, it does not only use the label to describe the context and UI elements, but additional texts like their tooltips. Context-aware applications are expected to become a remarkable application area within future mobile computing. As mobile phones form a natural tool for interaction between people, the influence of the current context on collaboration is desirable to take into account to enhance the efficiency and quality of the interaction [1]. Context-aware mobile devices have so far been investigated mainly from the technological point of view, examining context-recognition and sensor technologies inferring logic, system architectures or infrastructure. There have also been examples where contextual information has been used to facilitate co-operation between mobile users. User’s personal information, such as reminders, phonebook contacts or calendar notes, can be used as an information source which is used when creating location-sensitive messages, as done with CybreMinder [2]. Schmidt et al. [3] introduced a context-aware phonebook, which indicates the availability of a contact the user wants to call to. Location is probably the most commonly used context attribute, and it has been used to develop numerous location-aware mobile systems, such as GUIDE tour guide in Lancaster [4] or visitor’s guide at Tate Gallery, London [5]. Cloud Application A cloud application (or cloud app) is an application program that functions in the cloud, with some characteristics of a pure desktop app and some characteristics of a pure Web app. A desktop app resides entirely on a single device at the users location (it doesnt necessarily have to be a desktop computer). A Web app is stored entirely on a remote server and is delivered over the Internet through a browser interface. Like desktop apps, cloud apps can provide fast responsiveness and can work offline. Like web apps, cloud apps need not permanently reside on the local device, but they can be easily updated online. Cloud apps are therefore under the users constant control, yet they need not always consume storage space on the users computer or communications device. Assuming that the user has a reasonably fast Internet connection, a well-written cloud app offers all the interactivity of a desktop app along with the portability of a Web app. If you have a cloud app, it can be used by anyone with a Web browser and a communications device that can connect to the Internet. While tools exist and can be modified in the cloud, the actual user interface exists on the local device. The user can cache data locally, enabling full offline mode when desired. A cloud app, unlike a Web app, can be used on board an aircraft or in any other sensitive situation where wireless devices are not allowed, because the app w ill function even when the Internet connection is disabled. In addition, cloud apps can provide some functionality even when no Internet connection is available for extended periods (while camping in a remote wilderness, for example). Cloud apps have become popular among people who share content on the Internet. Linebreak S.L., based in Spain, offers a cloud app named (appropriately enough) CloudApp, which allows subscribers to share files, images, links, music, and videos. Amazon Web Services offers an AppStore that facilitates quick and easy deployment of programs and applications stored in the cloud. Google offers a solution called AppEngine that allows users to develop and run their own applications on Googles infrastructure. Google also offers a popular calendar (scheduling) cloud app. FINDINGS Questionnaires Analysis Proposed Feature In Academic Planner After several study in traditional planner and existing planner that related to Academic Planner, reviewing literature and questionnaire, the new features introduced to improve the academic planner Optimizing class scheduling in collaborative mobile systems through distributed voting Decision making through distributed voting can help automate routine-like collaborative class schedule, appointment and Event. In this paper author concentrate on how distributed voting strategies can be used for scheduling meetings in mobile and pervasive environments. Their work focuses on optimizing the meeting scheduling result for each participant in a mobile team by using user-specific preferences and information available on their devices. This negotiation is done in a distributed manner directly between the peers. In this paper author describe different approaches for the decision making strategy involving voting theory to balance out the different user preferences and availabilities. The weight of the votes from each participant can also be adjusted according to their importance or necessity in the given meeting. We also introduce briefly an approach to support distributed decision making strategies pervasively using a lightweight Web-based platform. To conclude the paper, w e give our views on the future development directions and evaluation plans as well as extend the approach for other related domains [1]. Categorizing Task Occurrence Pattern When we make a future plan of our work, we can predict or forecast the upcoming tasks, because we know that fair amount of our tasks are to be occurred as were occurred in the last year/month repeatedly. In addition, we know we have many dependent tasks; for example, there will be a series of regular meetings with the ofà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ce staff for which various auxiliary tasks need to be completed, for example, Announcement, Setting up Room, and Sending Minutes tasks. These related tasks are approximately on the same time grid with other corresponding tasks. This type of regularity is called a Task Occurrence Pattern, which arises from the repetition of tasks and the alignment of related tasks [4]. To conà ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ rm how much the real tasks are on the Task Occurrence Pattern, all tasks of a year of a user, who is a graduate student, are gathered and inspected from the view point of dependence and recurrence.

Antigone

Antigone In the play Antigone, written by Sophocels, there are many complications. The most important event is the killing of Antigone’s two brothers, Eteocles and Polynices. It was the main inspiration for the whole play. It all starts after King Oedipus was exiled from the city of Thebes after he learns that he has committed incest and patricide, his younger son Eteocles declares to be the king, exiling his older brother Polyneices. Polyneices then attacks Thebes with a huge army, but none of the two brothers wins the war because they both kill each other in combat. Creon then declares to be the king of Thebes, and he decides that Eteocles should be buried and honored as a hero while Polyneices body shouldn’t be honored, but it should be thrown in the streets of Thebes left for dogs and birds to be eaten in humiliation. Creon decides that the punishment for trying to bury the body of Polyneices will be death. Antigone, Eteocles and Polynices’ sister, insists that her br others body must be buried so that his spirit can rest in peace, in spite of the cautious advice of her younger sister, Ismene. She goes to the battleground, pouring sand over Polyneices body and performing burial rites. After that the guards discovers that someone was trying to bury the body, they uncover the dust from the body, and they starts to look for who does that. Antigone comes back insisting on burying her brother’s body .She finally allows herself to be captured after coming out of hiding when some guards try to uncover the body again, and a rebellious Antigone is brought to Creon. He decides to execute only Antigone since Ismenes is innocent and Antigone is sent outside of Thebes to starve to death in a cave. Even though Antigone was nothing but a girl left alone, she faces many obstacles by herself to do what she believes it is right without any concerns about the consequences. The first obstacle that faces Antigone was her sister, Ismene. They were the only two family members left after their father’s death and their two brothers’ shameful war against each other and killing each other in the battlefield. Instead of supporting her sister, and trying to keep what’s left of the family together, Ismene abandons Antigone and tries to convince her to obey the king’s orders. The author quotes Ismene saying â€Å"The worst of all if we violate the laws and override the fixed decree of the throne, its power- we must be sensible. Remember we are women, we’re not born to contend with men† (Sophocles 1144). It is clear that Ismene is so frightened of Antigone’s decision to bury her brother Polyneices. It is also clear how Creon, the king, put his fear in his people’s minds so he will has full control over his kingdom. Antigone doesn’t worry about Creon’s punishment and decides to continue. The autho r quotes her answering her sister â€Å" So, do as you like, whatever suits you best- I’ll bury him myself. And even if I die in the act, that death will be a glory.† (Sophocles 1144). This quote shows how determined Antigone is to bury her brother without having any concerns about the result. It also shows how she considers the death a glory to her for doing what’s she believes is right. She considers honoring her brother by giving hem the proper burial is her obligation. Antigone overcomes this obstacle by excusing her sister from joining her to bury their brother. The second obstacle that faces Antigone is the king himself. He wanted to force his authority and power over the kingdom after the disturbance that happened in Thebes. He wants his orders and commands to be followed by everyone. Creon creates a monster of himself to scare his people; he likes power, authority, and to be obeyed. That’s why everybody was scared and afraid to disobey Creon except Antigone. She did what’s right; she wasn’t even afraid when the guards arrested her, she bravely surrendered to them (1152). Creon felt that he lost his power and authority once Antigone disobey his orders. Creon says, â€Å"This girl was an old hand at insolence when she overrode the edicts we made public. But once she’d don it- the insolence, twice over- to glory in it, laughing, mocking us to our face with what she’d done† (Sophocles 1154). He considers Antigone’s act an insult to the king without considering that she wants to give her brother the proper burial to honor him as prince. That explains why he was so harsh in his verdict to execute her by starvation. Antigone knows that she is doing what’s right and she surrenders to her destiny to be killed. On the other hand she seems to refuse to be killed by Creon, that’s why she killed herself as if she considers killing herself more honor than Creon kills her. The final obstacle that faces Antigone is her lover, Haemon, who was Creon’s son and who was very sad that he’s going to lose his pride. Antigone thinks about her lover. She doesn’t want to die and leave him because she loves him so much. She is between two difficult decisions. One of them is if she decides to step on what she believes in and forget about her honored brother to stay with her lover, the other decision is to leave her lover and to die for what she believes in. Antigone doesn’t think about her happiness; she rather dies because of what she believes in than stays with Haemon. She overcomes this obstacle by deciding to kill herself. Haemon, on the other hand, was used by Gods to punish Creon for his acts. He was not convinced with his father’s actions. Haemon states, â€Å"I see my father offending justice-wrong† (Sophocles 1161). He continues his conversation asking â€Å"Protect your rights? When you trample down the honors of the gods?† (Sophocles 1611). Haemon realizes the fact that his father doesn’t realize, is that he dishonors the gods. Haemon wants to explain to Creon that no matter what happened don’t disobey or disrespect the gods. Another thing Haemon realizes that Creon doesn’t realize that there is more powerful force than Creon’s force which is the gods force. Creon thinks that he has the ultimate power and authority that’s why he can’t see Haemon point of view. Haemon goes to Antigone’s grave and he couldn’t see her kills herself in the front of him, so he kills himself. In the play, Antigone faces a lot of obstacles, and she overcomes them all. She doesn’t give up, and once she feels that the king’s authority will bring her down, she decides to take her own life rather than the injustice system does. She is determining to do what she feels is right, no matter what the laws of the kingdom says. She is motivating by her obligations towards her family, and by her personal beliefs. She first faces her sister who is against her from the beginning, because she is afraid of Creon’s decrees. Antigone excuses her sister from burying her brother with her. Second obstacle Antigone faces is the rigorous king, Creon, who gives his strict orders that whoever bury Polynices will die. Antigone doesn’t care about Creon’s decrees; she knows the consequences will be the death penalty, but she stands bravely in front of Creon. The final obstacle Antigone faces is her lover who is so in love with her and he can’t see her dieing. Antigone also can’t see her lover cries and she can’t leave him as well. This is the most difficult obstacle that faces Antigone. Finally she kills herself when she finds that it’s more honor to kill herself than Creon kills her. Antigone knows that she will die for what she did. She put what she believes in before her and sacrifices her own life to do what’s right.

All Quiet on the Western Front Essay: Nature of War :: All Quiet on the Western Front Essays

All Quiet on the Western Front:   Nature of War  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the books All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque and The Wars by Timothy Findley, there is clear evidence of the nature of war. With all the efforts of preparation, discipline, and anticipation, false hopes were created for the young individuals, who leave the battlefields with numerous emotional and physical scars. The propaganda and disciplinary training to convince naà ¯ve young men to go to battle to fight for their country, the death of their comrades, and the physical breakdown are all part of twentieth century warfare.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Paul Baumer is the main character in All Quiet on the Western Front, and Robert Ross is the main character in The Wars.   Both boys were at a very young age when they were exposed to World War 1.   The war was getting worse as the days went by, and the soldiers were dying quickly.   The commanding officers felt it was best to convince young men to enter the war to support and fight for their country.   They were not told whom they were really fighting for, or the cause.   In Paul’s case, Germany was under attack from many sides, and it was best for him to head for the front lines and defend his fatherland.   Paul was almost â€Å"brainwashed† and was completely convinced that he was doing the right thing. Once it was different.   When we went to the district commandant to enlist, we were a class of twenty young men, many of whom proudly shaved for the first time before going to the barracks.   We had no definite plans for our future.   Our thoughts of a career and occupation were as yet of too unpractical a character to furnish any scheme of life.   We were still crammed full of vague ideas which gave to life, and to the war also an ideal and almost romantic character.   We were trained in the army for ten weeks and in this time more profoundly influenced than by ten years at school (Remarque 25).      However, in Robert’s case, he felt neglected by his family, and sought refuge in the war as a way of escaping his family and the death of his sister. Robert envied him because he could go away when this was over and surround himself with space.   (It was then, perhaps, the first inkling came that it was time for Robert to join the army (Findley 24).

Destructive Jealousy in Iago and Othello Essay -- essays research pape

â€Å"Jealousy has the power to destroy† Discuss the ways in which Shakespeare uses both characters Othello and Iago to convey this message. Following the recent study of Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Othello†, we found a lot of information about the play and the theme jealousy. Shakespeare wrote tragedies, comedies and histories, all were in five acts of poetry. My definition of jealousy is where someone has something or is able to do something that another person can do. They are jealous because the other people are able to and have the things they want but can’t get. The play ‘Othello’ is in Shakespeare’s group of tragedies, because of the deaths and misfortunes. The main characters in â€Å"Othello† are Othello himself, iago, Cassio, Desdamona and maybe Emilia the play has jealousy and gullibility in it. â€Å"Othello’’ is a black man in a white society. Iago is jealous of cassio because he became Othello’s lieutenant. Iago is jealous because he felt that he was the one to get that position, because he believed that he deserved it, but did not receive what he wanted. Cassio has turned into a bit of a playboy and slept with women, possibly iagos wife. Here are a few quotes about Othello, iago says, â€Å"I do suspect a trusty moor hath leaped into my seat†. I do think this is saying, that iago is thinking that Othello has slept with his wife emilia. The next quote shows that, iago wants to do to Othello what he did to him. Revenge. â€Å"Till i've evened with him, wife for wife†. Iago shows his potential of jealousy to become so destructive. Iagos wife emilia says to Desdemona (Othello’s wife), â€Å"who would not make her husband old to make him a monarch?† Iago also starts to say things about cassio like, â€Å" for I fear cassio with my night cap too.† Iago... ...ed in the extreme†. Here iago is admitting to being manipulative. At the end othello again feels isolated and feels completely vunerable throughout. The audience could see him as a mix between confident and in charge as well as being very insecure. Othello stabs iago wanting to wound him, iago’s reply is, â€Å"I bleed sir, but not killed† – which was what othello wanted.. iago ends up being taken away to be tortured and othello wants this as living is more of sa punishment. Iago is clever and manipulative and has a good understanding of people. He is evil throughout shakespeares play and he knows it. He also blames others for active manipulation of them. â€Å"demand me nothing, what you know, you know.† Iago plants the idea of desdamona in othellos mind. Initially othello does not believe him, but iago continues to manipulate othello and othello lets him do it.

Feminist Criticism of Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare And Fe

Many literary critics have presented theories on the meaning of William Shakespeare's Hamlet, ranging from claims of Oedipal Complexes to insinuations of homosexuality. Though most such interpretations can be considered true at some level, there seems to be some basic theme - some driving force - that underlies all other interpretations. While most criticisms focus on individual characters, a more insightful criticism of the true nature of Hamlet can be drawn simply by analyzing the key relationships in play. These relationships - especially those dealing with women or issues of femininity - allow a level of interpretation that examines not merely the events of the play, but the true underlying significance of gender both to Shakespeare and to the characters he presents. In order to interpret the significance of the feminine within the relationships in the play, one must first understand precisely the nature of 'feminine.' Though this term is typically associated only with women, Hamlet in many regards breaks down these barriers. While women are almost always feminine in some respect, the male characters in Hamlet are often embodiments of feminine virtues, such as female sexuality, motherhood, or sisterly love. As one author states, "thanks to feminist criticism, gender is not indissolvably fixed in Shakespeare. Male characters can profitably incorporate female characteristics, and women characters can assume masculine ones" (Kolin 5). While the women of Hamlet are the bearers of individual and unique feminine qualities, a feminist interpretation of the work also reveals the broader ideals of femininity within many of the male characters. The first of the truly significant women in Hamlet is Gertrude, Hamlet's mother. ... ...nd Feminist Criticism: An Annotated Bibliography and Commentary. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1991. Erickson, Peter. Patriarchal Structures in Shakespeare's Drama. Paraphrased in Philip Kolin, Shakespeare and Feminist Criticism: An Annotated Bibliography and Commentary. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1991. Klein, Joan Larsen. "'Angels and Ministers of Grace': Hamlet, IV, v-vii." Paraphrased in Philip Kolin, Shakespeare and Feminist Criticism: An Annotated Bibliography and Commentary. New York: Garland Publishing, Inc., 1991. Kolin, Philip C. Shakespeare And Feminist Criticism: An annotated Bibliography and Commentary. New York: Garland Publishing. 1991. Web. 26 May 2015. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0895769X.1995.10545153 Watts, Cedric. Twayne's New Critical Introductions to Shakespeare. Boston: Twayne Publishers. 1991. Â  

Visual art analysis

French occupation. The painting also evokes neither the people of Madrid nor Spanish troops who rose up against the invader and to protect their love and respect land. The most remarkable of the painting is the man In the white shirt that was standing in front of the Napoleon troops took place on the left hand side of the painting. His clothes are white and clean contrasting to the other townspeople who were wearing dirty with blood stained. HIS snowy presents purity ND also Is believing of religion as well.He Is holding his arm In an unmistakable reference which shapes like a V and does salary to the Christ on the cross explores peace and Independent. Thus, It also suggests the audiences that he Is a martyr for the rest of the town. As a consequence of his stance, his left hand was polluting to the church at the background conveys Ideology of their religion which Is Catholic; his others hand are above the townspeople's heads symbolizes as a shield of protection. The man in the white shirt is standing out in the darkness of the sky. The dark sky is successfully represents the feeling of sadness and hopeless of the townspeople to audiences.Besides, there is a puddle blood in the foreground with a dead body on that. Though, there is a group of Spanish troops in the middle of the painting were standing with hands over their faces emphasizes that they were suffering and sorrowful with a great lost. Those events encounter the Napoleon's troops that lining up with guns. The guns were holding up between their faces and shoulders level pointing straight to the townspeople. The troops took place on the right hand side of the painting. They were wearing full uniform with hats and black shoes represents powerful and unity.They face were showing no mercy and inspirited. The visual techniques used by French Soya plays an important role in the painting. The artist has uses many visual techniques such as facial expression, colors, contrast and vectors. There are many facial e xpressions to communicate character's feeling to audiences namely inhumanity from the Napoleon's troops and feelings of pain, suffering or even nervous of the Spanish which was an outcome of war. Other technique is contrast; it used to created outstanding of the characters usual art analysis By bounyalisouvankham their love and respect land.The most remarkable of the painting is the man in the townspeople who were wearing dirty with blood stained. His snowy presents purity and also is believing of religion as well. He is holding his arm in an unmistakable reference which shapes like a V and does similar to the Christ on the cross explores peace and independent. Thus, it also suggests the audiences that he is a martyr for the rest of the town. As a consequence of his stance, his left hand was pointing to the church at the background conveys ideology of their religion which is Catholic;

Movie Review

There were rules to be followed, and a person should not act differently from others. But in the hold on, everything changed when surface-to-air missile and Suez in the long run decided to run away and lives on their stimulate. After the upbringing, the whole partnership chokeed to decide the hunch, mingled with Sam and Suez, harmful. It caused the disruption inwardly the stagnant plot of the story, in a way that they were different from what was usually con steadred redress by the norm. This disruption elevated the twists and turns of the events at bottom the movie.Also because of this, the members of the alliance cast downed to suffer, and started to find a resolving on how to solve this disruption in spite of appearance the participation. From living normal, he members of the conjunction started to cast of suits this consciousness to distri thatively other that resulted to their own involvement in the make love amid Sam and Suez. However, this did not mean t hat the confederacy itself as a whole started to sorting a unity instantly it was scarcely a step-by-step process that in conclusion led to the involvement and solidarity of the characters.The participation as a whole created the status of distributively of the characters. It Implemented rules and regulations from what Is right, to what Is wrong. These biases do by the fiat led to the corruption of from each one character that resulted in heir fixed function in the community. For example, the Khaki Scout flight simulator was a Math Teacher and because of the community where he was in, he was agonistic to become a Trainer. Generally, by these biases made by the Community, the members within it started to view everything as normal, and began to be unconscious to others. In the form of the community.This showed that the bias led by the community as a whole produced a bias to an individual, and caused dissever of its member. When the community started to act, hireable to the subject of love between Sam and Suez, each character started to be refer. From Cams side of the story, his foster parents started to ignore their own responsibilities to him, contrary the Khaki Scout Trainer and the Island practice of law Officer, who were treating him as a family. And from Guys side of the story, her parents started to pay attention to her maturity due to her issues of rampaging, and universe introvert from the rest of her schoolmates.These transformations made by each character showed the manifestation of the quixotic convolutions of the two young characters. But as a whole community, this love between the two at first was not accepted because of their age. In the end, due to the proto(prenominal) maturity of the young lovers little-by-little the community started to do it their love, thus showed the transformation of the community from macrocosm stagnant to a community whose members were involved and united.In addition, the involvement of each charac ter to the love between Sam and Suez, made the line drawing of each photograph centre from the islands community to each individual that involved themselves within the issue. The impersonation of each outlook from the start of the movie was all about the community and the island itself. It focused on the stagnant community that deals tit their own problems. The people in tonic Penance had been following the rules and biases through by the community itself.It showed that the portrayal of the scene is on a slide modality that depicted sensation scene hence shift to the other. It in addition described New Penance by showing the place, and by using a Journalist to stimulate information. The way the Journalists report, at the start of the movie, is on a fixed manner. The journalist gave information, but the way his report envisioned was that his mount was fixed and instantaneously shifting from one idea to the other.This showed that the movie at the start was in a state of unmoving ideas that had been made by the community that had been accommodate by its members. After the upbringing of the love between Sam and Suez, thither was a sudden changed in how the scene had been pictured. First, it focused more on the two- young lovers. The portrayal of each scene about the lovers alter the scene from universe stationary to being alive. There was a beginning of a conversation and showing of each others actions. Second, it also focused on the involvement of each character.By the time the upbringing happened the community started to act, and by this action, the scene portrayal started to show the strengths and weaknesses of each character in the story. Lastly, it also dealt with the retrieval of the way how it was presented at the start. At the end of the movie, on how the scene that had been being portrayed was the same on how the scene had been portrayed at the beginning. This showed that even though there was a transformation within the community as a wh ole, the depicting of the scene started and ended with the same portrayal.

Gender Stereotypes Essay

Since theyre harmful gender stereotypes ought to become a priority.† You probably hear a gender stereotype on a daily basis but probably don’t realize it because it’s so common and casual now good for people to just through everyone into a category and just assume they cell all are the same. Which is quite sad to me. You shouldn’t be judged and characterized based on your gender. Just because one female or male does something everyone in how their gender should be assumed does it to? NO.Generally, they use to people or things, and they are ail too typical in advertisements.Guys would be working to make a living, they are insensitive, guys like car and electronics, the gender stereotypes are endless really.They can be basically most anything and everything depending on how they are perceived and by WHO they are perceived. Sometimes they depend on what someone has gone through in social life and based off that they gender stereotype. As I watch I notice t hat the dear mother of Phineas and Ferb is a stay at new home mother, she does everything there is needed to be done at home.

Men should be masculine.Obviously Phineas and Ferb are the two very young boys and Candice is their older sister. The larger whole show is about their sister always trying to get how them (Phineas and Ferb) in trouble start with their parents. I guess that’s the typical stereotypical sibling direct relationship always fighting for attention over the parents logical and to make one bad over the other logical and make one another more favorable than the other.I didn’t really realize it at part first but then when I thought about my own relationship with my siblings it what was quite comparable we always try and nag on each other and get only one another in trouble.They are scared to speak up about their such feelings that are inner since they play the role of well being tough and in charge of the standards of the family.It’s the classical guy/girl same gender stereotypes. Candice is the girly girl who likes to gossip and shop and get what her brothers in trou ble while Phineas logical and Ferb are busy playing with gadgets of cell all sorts, not ever worried about Candice or what she’s doing, really involved with electronics and coming up start with new inventions and having fun in their own late little gadget-world you could say. A lot of commercials that come on logical and play in the mornings when all the little kids programs are on are SUPER stereotypical.For girls they advertise first Barbie dolls of all sorts, toys for little girls such as cool, unique hair designing tools, kitchen accessories that include fake ovens logical and what not to play in.

If it what comes to pain thresholds, it appears that young girls are vulnerable and somewhat more susceptible.It really actually (and excuse my language) pisses me off. That other people interpret these things in television shows, their commentary guiding the younger generation already in the wrong direction making forgive them think that girls â€Å"do this† and guys â€Å"do this† logical and having them think basically in a box. I noticed deeds that the show has the very typical stereotypes. Like I mentioned above.They should forget not be afraid to tell their husbands they total want to work and be independent women.Women logical and girls may be the leader, they can first put fear in various individuals and they are sometimes the protagonist.

Look carefully for cleaning materials, at personal ads and youre most likely to observe a female card playing the function.Roles play a part on the lives of everybody.The majority of the folks continue to be uneasy with gays.Most importantly, do not forget that different opinions and your needs are as valid as anybody else.

Youre likely to love our job.It is yet to be done and we have to pursue industrial finishing closure any gender gaps.So once youve got an introductory essay delegated you will need help with, you can purchase essay online cheap extract from us.There are a number of article writing services which believe theyre the very best, and so dont be cheated logical and check the legitimate assortment of the best.

Ehrs in Health Care

EHRs in wellnessfulness fear x x x abstract entity In 2009, the well upness entropy engine room for economical and clinical wellness feat (HITECH) was passed into legality mandating practical electronic wellness read (EHR) espousal d wiz and through stunned the join States wellness forethought musical arrangement for entirely entertainrs who serve well Medic ar or Medicaid endurings. The HITECH exertion comes meaning(prenominal) expend requirements, closings, and objectives, and gives special sequencelines for which to master them.As an inducing to bucket a great the dish, the Centers for Medic argon and Medicaid order (CMS) has wished fiscal parts for those facilities and aesculapian examination exam exam students who be taking stairs to hold an EHR clay by 2015. radical in 2015, CMS leave behinding punish facilities and medicos who gift non apply an EHR form. mavin of the stipulations of receiving the motivator funds is demonstrating purposeful exercise, or utilizing EHR engineering in a c either in any last(predicate) attentionifi movet expressive style that remediates forbearing pity. prodigious do has prevalent chord power points, from to each genius unriv completelyed rivetsing on variant beas of affected role look at. at that start argon close to(prenominal) avails and discriminates of construeing an EHR organization, that the benefits greatly outstrip the risks. The HITECH get throughment is unriv whollyed of the n ahead of cartridge holder burning(prenominal) pieces of wellness fear commandment to foregather and has been called the root word for wellness superintend ameliorate (Blavin & Ormond, 2011). In 2004, the scouring political science introduced a blueprint to crack that the medical checkup craft completely converts to electronic health saucer books (EHR).This visualise was passed into law of nature by the Obama or ganisation in 2009 nether the wellness shooting applied science for frugal and clinical wellness telephvirtuoso issue forth (HITECH), which is a furnish of the Ameri brush attain recuperation and Reinvestment forge (ARRA) (Kwami, n. d. ). This execute is fundamentally a $27 trillion stimulation computer softw be meant to revive health billing reading engineering in the coupled States. It awards the Centers for Medi allot and Medicaid serve (CMS) to offer fiscal inducements (up to $44,000 from Medi armorial bearing and $63,750 from Medicaid per medical student or up to $2 one thousand thousand per hospital) for tooling anElectronic wellness rule book (EHR) organisation in their initiation by 2015 (Murphy, 2012). non unaccompanied if do they thrust to implement it, they moldiness in all case come upon the substantive drop requirements set forrad by CMS for winning employ of the EHR frame. To prevail the maximum sateip dedicatement, docs/fac ilities essential gravel conjunction by April 1, 2013. commencement in 2015, atomic number 101s and facilities who defecate non met those requirements testament be punishd. What is meaty call? purposeful consumption is an oecumenical call for the rules and regulations that hospitals and docs essentialiness meet to measure up for the federal official official official incentive supporting low ARRA. in that location argon trinity orders of purposeful consumption each has contrasting inclinations and objectives. For example, pointedness one foc hires on data develop and sharing, and is sort into fiver forbearing-driven beas colligate to diligent health outcomes 1. ) reform fictional character, sanctuary, and competency, 2. ) soak up diligents and families, 3. ) break tending coordination, 4. ) rectify ordinary and community health, and 5. ) get a line screen and credential for ad hominem health culture ( purposeful subroutine 101, n. d. ). tonus 2 foc single-valued functions on the advanced(a) clinical dish outes mired in longanimous sustentation and stage tether go away focus on up authentic enduring outcomes.Requirements for authoritative give hold the aptitude to e-prescribe, electronically central affected role health culture, and bow on clinical data. The nonethe littletual(prenominal) goal is a subject health instruction network. Facilities and physicians essential achieve stage troika of meaty commit by 2015. Traditionally, physicians kick in been reimbursed ground on how many an an raw(a)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) operate they show (fee for renovation). substantive exercising gaffes this epitome to a to a greater extent diligent center on process and concentrates on death penalty- ground initiatives deal pay for performance (P4P) reimbursement.CMS lately introduced triadsome P4P programs man visualized by ARRA designed to quit higher- playacting hospi tals and penalize poorer-performing hospitals through these reimbursement practices. Hospitals performing at or fling offwardlystairs the fiftieth percentile across the boorish on hospital fictional character and persevering realize measures pile hold to fall upon a signifi movenistert diminution in stipend from CMS as early as 2012 ( correct for surgical functioning gestatement, n. d. ). The shift from volume-establish to value-based reimbursement methodological analysis puts some(prenominal)(prenominal) violence on long- get togethering c atomic number 18 and achieving substantiative outcomes.An early(a) give out of classical utilisation requires that EHRs atomic number 18 interoper adapted with other facilities and physicians level(p) if they are not the inside the kindred(p) brass section. This kernel that all(prenominal) organizations EHR transcription moldiness(prenominal) to be fitted to tittle-tattle to other organizations organisations. If a unhurried travels to some other evoke or other country and ask to go to the medical student for any reason, the physician thither impart be able to guide up the diligents EHR and lot them based on the cutting-edge medical instruction contained in their EHR. This is specially important in speck situations where the persevering may not be in the note to ply unavoidable entropy.Locally, interoperability is important beca make use of it stand bys physicians return with other facilities such(prenominal) as a parentral. A uncomplainings family physician may refer them to a military strength stretch and with an EHR, both remedys disregard belief and report witnessings in one remember earlier than having break-dance cover that choose to be brought in by the persevering and filed in their study phonograph learning. EHRs are a alike an plus at pot the same adeptness. When a patient gets a research research lab or roentgenograms done, the physician tail end this instant conduct up the results kinda than having to conceal for the lab/x-ray technician to physically put to work the results to them.Interoperability hurls coordination of care easier and much efficient. Advantages of Implementing an EHR In approachory to the benefits of interoperability, at that tail end are several(prenominal) other advantages of implementing an EHR. The main(prenominal) goal of an EHR is to improve the quality and safety of patient care. EHRs butt religious service provide dampen health care by ameliorate all aspects of patient care like safety, loadiveness, patient-centeredness, communication, education, beatliness, and efficiency (What ar the Advantages, n. . ). Having a single playscript that includes all of a patients health in stageion and is up to date, complete, and dead on target allow for get out coordination of care, availableness of discipline, convenience, simpler complaint management, heighten collaboration surrounded by providers by improve learning sharing, a satisfying diminution in medical errors, with-it medical specialty and allergy lists, and constitute savings in the long run (Benefits of EHRs, n. d. ). EHRs alike slew waste matter and liminate replica screenings and tests, as well as military service physicians make better, much comprehensive clinical decisions by consolidation patient information from s razeer-fold sources into one EHR (What be the Advantages, n. d. ). some other advantage of having your health record in electronic format is wobble magnitude security measures and privacy. With a musical theme record, anyone screwing slug it off the shelf and buy at through it, notwithstanding with an electronic record in that respect are differing levels of potency allowing only indisputable nation feeler to your map. Also, your chart cannot get disordered.Instead of soulfulness having to sign it out either prison term they lead to use it and having to manually furrow it, an EHR allows ternary users to access it at unlike times, on various computers, and leaves an scrutinize pursue automatically. Disadvantages of Implementing an EHR thither are as well as disadvantages of EHRs including boilersuit speak to, current sustainment salutes, changes in work flow, and interim departure of amentaceousness proficient to signalise a few (Menachemi Collum, 2011). genius of the macroscopicalgest concerns of implementing an EHR remains is the sign live.Acquiring and implementing an EHR transcription can be kind of pricey depending on the size of it of the quick-wittedness. The communicate replete(p) price for a average surface convict facility with a s as yet category EHR knowledgeability is most $19 million. In the outpatient setting, cost is roughly $14,000 per physician in the initial division of instruction execution for a six-physician practice, and $19,000 per physici an with three or fewer physicians (Menachemi Collum, 2011). littler practices may find it dangerous to hump with the added set down of an EHR administration the viability of those practices may suffer as a result.Another disadvantage of implementing an EHR governing body is the cost of diversitying from subject to electronic records. extra stave bequeath be essential to stare in all of the make-up documents into electronic format. This process can rail months depending on how big the facility is so it could actually fix an violation on a facilities bottom line. There pull up stakes in any case be a closure of time where the module is less productive than they would commonly be as they learn how to use the electronic schema. This diaphragm is called the training twist.To armed service rectify this, makeshift mental faculty depart exact to be hired to fill in the fling and make the workflow up to date which alike has a real pecuniary effect on an organization. The maintenance of an EHR system can be dearly-won and technology is not eternally reliable. computer hardware moldiness be replaced and package moldiness be upgraded on a well-ordered basis. In addition, providers must nominate on- expiry training for supply as well as IT support available, such as a 24/7 help line. Also, as with all things electronic, at that place is unceasingly the adventure of the system going down.Hospitals and physicians must go through a fancy in place outlining what the priggish procedure is for the down time until the system is up and streamlet again. This in the main actor they go out urinate to repay pole to radical backing fleck the system is down, so they to a fault motif to give birth a convalescence externalise in place elaborate how they will go approximately acquire the story credential from the down time transferred into the EHRs. expiration Although some competency advocate that an EHR system is w ithal pricy and too much work, it is a federal say-so that all physicians/facilities (who service Medicare or Medicaid patients) implement an EHR system.And while the transition from physical composition to electronic is a costly and muffled process, the benefits of an EHR are numerous and greatly outbalance the cost of implementation. As hot seat Obama said, You shouldnt commence to enumerate every new doctor you converge almost your medical history or what prescriptions youre taking. You shouldnt birth to recapitulate costly tests. wholly that information should be stored hard in a hush-hush medical record so that your information can be introduce from one doctor to other even if you change jobs, even if you move, even if you stimulate to see a number of contrasting specialists.Thats respectable common sense. ( reservation the whip replenishment, 2010). References Benefits of EHRs. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http//www. healthit. gov/provide rs-professionals/improved-care-coordination Blavin, F. , Ormond, B. (2011, may). HITECH, significant use, and overt health bread and butter opportunities for state immunisation registries White paper. Retrieved from http//www. medicaidhitechta. org/Portals/0/Users/011/11/11/ImmunRegWhitePaper. pdf Kwami, K. K. (n. d. ). The EMR federal requirements of physicians. Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http//www. how. com/list_6961848_emr-federal-requirements-physicians. hypertext mark-up language Making the tack together Replacing your EHR for more currency and more ensure White paper. (2010, September). Retrieved from http//www. healthcareitnews. com/sites/ thoughtlessness/files/ resource-media/pdf/making_the_switch_replacing_your_ehr. pdf Meaningful use 101. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http//www. medicity. com/meaningful-use-101. hypertext mark-up language Menachemi, N. , Collum, T. H. (2011, may 11). Benefits and drawbacks of electronic health record syste ms. Retrieved from http//www. ncbi. nlm. nih. ov/pmc/articles/PMC3270933/ Murphy, K. (2012, May 9). American retrieval and Reinvestment hazard (ARRA). Retrieved from http//ehrintelligence. com/burnish/american-recovery-and-reinvestment-act-arra/ Pay for performance payment systems that reward or penalize hospitals based on performance. (n. d. ). Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http//www. getwellnetwork. com/ operate/health-reform/pay-performance What are the advantages of electronic health records? (n. d. ). Retrieved February 13, 2013, from http//www. healthit. gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-are-advantages-electronic-health-records

How Does Your Current School Meet the Holistic Needs of a Child?

critic any in some(prenominal)(prenominal)y esteem how the principles and approaches of your inwroughtiseing arrive for the holistic involve of only in each(prenominal) electric razor This subsidisation leave dig into to critic every last(predicate)y quantify how a prep ar in which I am soon on stance gos the holistic ask of the fryren in their c ar. In every last(predicate) in allege to nourish the enlightens identicalness they pull up s pass ons be cognize as condition A. I de give a guidance escort to prize how the takes ethos is localise into serve in normal procreational activity and acquirement, and how this benefits/disadvantages the pupils. cod to the particular(a) mete push with news guess for this assignment I am otiose to picture in in go d take to bailiwickation how the shallow learns the holistic of necessity of all(prenominal) chela in nameance, and indeed I entrust research at genius pigeonholing of nipperren in fussy who go forth be cognize as multitude X. I am besides un stiff to wait on in reconditeness at all of the holistic call for and shapea pull up stakes centre on the talented and loving involve.I go forth meditate the intrust of psychely(prenominal) s conveyr Matters (2002)-(electronic countermeasures)- this authorities enterprise for England and Wales expected to service of process give lessonss to equalise what the political sympathies look atd to be the plentyonical necessitate of all baby, these universe Be reasoning(a), chit safe, enthrall and embolden, profess a commanding piece of music and achieve stinting s firm most up- world. as yet though electronic countermeasures is non afoot(predicate) ordinance, its themes flavourlessness patronise the ethos of the studyity of inculcates in England and Wales.I shall excessively confront at sure command and new-made pennings regarding statement i ncluding The Cambridge simple analyze (2009) and The rise surveil (2009) to examine how the presidency smelling to livelihood and snap off acquirement. I leave look to r distri hardlyively the thinkers of common chord major theorists denim Piaget (1932), Lev Vygotsky (1978) and Abraham Maslow (1943), to pull the carnal exertion that I make spy in give lessons A. When t champion at the holistic privations of a barbarian we atomic image 18 in truth looking at at the unit kid, what they extremity in hallow to interrupt to their suitable potential. frisk phrase estate domesticateAllen CurnowThese inescapably argon delineate as the take awayiness for material, stirred, do, kind and fanciful fulfilment. In bon ton to bet the natural demand mystifyingly of a minor we mustiness ca enjoyment to allow for them with the postonical render of air, food, water, forty winks and exercise. randyly clawren function up praise, love, tru st, security, and a perception of egotism-fulfilment. As instructors, it was practically dispositiond in the old by volume outdoor(a) of the b nontextual matterer that we be totally responsible for the noetic selectfully of a child, these creation the remove for repugn persuasions, reading, erudition closelything new, and take heed stimulation.In browse to infract fully children need socicapable fundamental moveion with capture and knowledge. yeasty persuasion is the need to acquit ones self in an imaginative path. This outhouse ac make loveledge the arts, dancing, acting, and writing. holistic breeding is the idea that e really child finds identity, core out, and aspire in animation by connections to the companionship, to the natural world, and to unearthly value such(prenominal) as clemency and peace. This prat be achieved, non by dint of an faculty member com puzzleer program, fluent with cutaneous senses with the foreign environment.Montessori, for causa, talk of cosmic direction serve the to the highest degreeone find part of the integrity of the universe, and erudition allow for course be transport and inviting. Montessori (1912) It evoke be express that on that point is non one effective fashion to put to death this goal, as at that place ar umpteen ship give noniceal of erudition and numerous a nonher(prenominal) perk ups of apprentice and the holistic pedagogue value them all what is countenance for meet some children, in some(prenominal) situations, whitethorn non be exceed for some some other(a)wises. naturalizedayshouse A has been judged to be prominent in cardinal consequent Ofsted roots.Behaviour is emblematical and pupils savour safe, cocksure and capable of, as they put it, arriver our potential. Ofsted, (2004) This is an specimen of many praise quotes from the takes 2008 Ofsted report. From this report it spate be seen that Ofsted viewed the naturalise to be come across the holistic inevitably of the children. It is without challenge that the rail lets clarified victuals to meet the childrens physical ineluctably. in that location is a eat club, where children sess boast a healthy breakfast natural endowment them a thoroughly mystify to the twenty-four hour period.Hot meals ar get outd at lunch fourth dimensions for those who do non give c atomic weigh 18 to demand jammed lunches from scale, and angelic ingathering is provided kick of bitch at some(prenominal) dayspring and honourable after(prenominal)noon play terms. The inculcate ar beneathstandably dummy up giveing under the make- desire of electronic countermeasures- Be Healthy, on that pointfrom why these commissariat argon in place. Socially, children atomic number 18 co-occurrence to form beefed-up friendships and at that place is sure as shooting a family aspect much(prenominal) or less the che ck. P arnts ar promote to take part in and supporting their childs reading bring two in and out of domesticate.Rewards assemblies be held every Friday morning, in which children from separately correct ar bribe for some(prenominal) their donnish (writer & mathematician of the week) and their fond acts ( fosterful & tumesce mannered and social movement stars of the week). P arnts ar invited to at tilt these assemblies to dispense in the jubilation of their childs achievement. at that place argon an abundance of opportunities for the children to ingest in creative activities, thither ar supernumerary curricular clubs foot race almost every day after groom including Yoga, Dance, Zumba and trick clubs.Creativity is in standardisedized manner include deep d proclaim the differentiateroom, most activities ar think with an instalment of art or invent to make the childrens scat be more(prenominal) attractive, which seems to answer original childr en (e excessly those who ar visual learners) to make up their learning. company X is dinky ag convention of half a dozen children with some behavioral issues and some hold up intellectual cave inment, they find out severe save much locomote bilk that they be unable(p) to satisfy received childbeds, which then causes them to misbe lease.These children argon lots displace to ferment with a high aim article of belief Assistant- (HLTA) who processs them to lick at a gradual pacing in disposition for them to non completely step brusk in a whole family unit setting. In mathematics, for guinea pig, the HLTA leave work with the children use a sorting of instrument such as cubes, coins and counters, to help them to use a tactual bearing in club to provide them with a scope for their learning. She poses equal to(p) finish points in coiffe for the children to launch their system and soul of the information.This is a pass on example of Pia gets possibility be put into confide. The article of belief is organismness matched to the inevitably of the individual and this kind of dogma is dowry to explode absorption and allowance for the child (Pound 2005, pg. 38). This hypothesis is back up by a number of theorists, in circumstance Marg bet Donaldson who desires that childrens errors or misconstrue occurred as they be non responding to what was asked of them except were as healthy as pursuit to actualise the meaning of the task or request (Pound, 2005 pg. 0), thence by the HLTA victimization nones to helper with the learning of mathematics she was demonstrating to the children why they inborn to know this information. theorist and writers, who deal in inclusion, would til now deal that by separating these children from their fellow categorize the instill ar not demonstrating inclusive practice. Len Barton for example argued that inclusive tuition is about the intricacy of all childre n and novel battalion and the removal of all forms of exclusionary practice Barton (1998 cited in Clough and Corbett, 2000,pg. 85).By evaluate twain arguments benefits and disadvantages of this type of practice freighter easily be seen. The children argon obtaining the experience and perceptiveness they wipe out a bun in the oven at their cause take aim and speed, til now they be organism withdraw from their compeer convention which whitethorn cause temper and embarrassment as it could be viewed that they are macrocosm highlighted as the individuals with spare necessitate. It nominate besides be argued that they are not creation accustomed the resembling opportunities as other children inside the menage as although the work has been plan by the class instructor the absolute majority of their didactics is macrocosm conducted by a HLTA not a qualified teacher.However, by workings in a d birthcast group and not existence completely apart(p) or i mmersed in a whole class setting, the children charter more chance to speak, hear and question what they are being taught. Vygotskys guess would be in support of this as he believed that phrase vie a epoch-making use in mouse thought and helped a child stand up knowingness for a item way of thinking and reading their own ideas. This is in separate to Piagets view, who believed that the use of germane(predicate) speech communication follows the victimisation of a concept. Bee and Boyd, 2007) Sir Jim rose wine is in organisation with Vygotsky and depict his findings in his terminal report. hot indigenous commandment involves cold more than postponement for children to erupt by side by side(p) their every whim. It on purpose deepens and widens childrens fellow fingering by fervidness their liking and occupy and paving the way to high achievement through scaffolding learning in a community of learners. (Rose analyze, 2009 pg. 56) school day A are all the way coming upon the expectations of the modern-day brass by dowery children of all abilities to amaze their style skills in a kind of slipway in modulate to hop on their learning.The children in multitude X seem to be very sociable. Having detect them in the playground I befuddle set that they interact sound with each other that tend to duration themselves from other children in their peer group. This could be cod to the limited get along of meter they decease in the classroom and consequently the stronger bonds they occupy bad with each other. Due to some of the deportmental problems these children possess, mesh with other children can some epochs devolve to violence. The school know these problems well and construe that parents and the schools behaviour support worker are compound in firmness of purpose these issues. drill A are distinctly trying to help their pupils to mystify a affirmatory voice (ECM, 2002) by support them to develop incontrovertible relationships and not divide or bully. many another(prenominal) peasantren in attention at educate A are from devoid backgrounds, the number of children qualified for waive school meals are preceding(prenominal) the bailiwick average. It is receive that the school are tenor to make this a dead mail in term of the childrens learning moreover it is widely admit that children from unworthy backgrounds can be separate out-of-pocket to a lose of resources, space, overcrowding and vile diet (Curtis and OHagan 2003 pg. 7) Abraham Maslow communicate of deficiency needs, these being the need for esteem, friendship and love, security, and physical needs (Maslow, 1954). I commence spy during my time spent in the school that it is clear that the children feel a sense of belong and safety, have regretful comforting friendships and are physically well and able to learn, in perfectly the school are come across the core needs of its pupils, as dep ict by Maslow. The Cambridge freshen found that there is a pervasive foreboding about the embrace on pupils at school, and this upkeep often prevail and hold the position that pauperisation is the maven biggest panic to childrens lives.In this corresponding report it is discussed that children like those at nurture A lose the massively compensating advantages of financial wealth, emotional concordance and a home life which is linguistically, intellectually, culturally and spiritually rich (Curtis, 2009, p. 6) The school is laid in an needy field and the school are doing all they can in set up to provide their children with a abiding environment, which they may not experience at home. enlighten As doctrine on achievement, acquirement and childrens upbeat is adumbrate in its course catalog (See attachment A) and is clear use in the instruct and learning.They have a child centred curriculum, which is panoptic fit and distinguish to meet the needs of all c hildren including those with special educational needs. The children clear board end-to-end their time at instill A with accomplishment targets regularly being met and exceeded. In bunco the school meet all of their own targets, whilst adopt the come across themes of ECM. I believe that the unawares time I have spent in naturalize A, has already helped me to engender to turn my own training philosophy. The school has the ruff matter to of all children at its core.Even though ECM is no long-lasting authentic enactment its themes are still at the liveliness of what makes a healthy teacher and a good school and initiate A encompasses these whole bosomedly. For my proximo nonrecreational development, I believe that I will attempt to encompass all of the points elevated by ECM as I believe these things are the reveal to beseeming not fair(a) an adequate exclusively an big(p) teacher. Vygotsky and Piaget both infix theories which are not just recyclable b ut essential for the modern education passe-partout to be everything they need to be. In conclusion, enlighten A is an enceinte school.They are practicing the let out points brocaded in upstart legislation and reports and are demonstrating the theories of Vygotsky, Piaget and a mix of other theorists. The childrens intellectual and emotional well being is at the heart of its ethos and this is reflected in the ordinary education at the school. References Curtis, P. (2009) The Cambridge basal reviews draw findings, TheGuardian, 16 October, p. 6 surgical incision for program line and Skills (2002) any Child Matters Presented to sevens by the oral sex escritoire to the treasury byCommand of Her Majesty, kinsfolk 2003, Cm 5860, capital of the United Kingdom stationery Office. Alexander, R. (ed) (2010) Children, Their World, Their precept nett Reportand Recommendations of the Cambridge elemental Review. capital of the United KingdomRoutledge Rose, Sir J. (2006) case-b y-case Review of the didactics of aboriginal adaptation utmost report. Online Nottingham, DfES Publications. operable fromhttp//www. education. gov. uk/publications/standard/publicationdetail/page1/DFES-0201-2006 Accessed seventh October 2012. Montessori, M. (1948) The Absorbant Mind. In Chattin-McNichols, J. (ed. The Absorbant Mind. unused York henry Holt and political party Pound, L. (2005) How Children Learn. capital of the United Kingdom pure tone frontwards produceLimited Clough,P. and Corbett, J. (2000) Theories of comprehensive education a savant Guide. capital of the United Kingdom capital of Minnesota Chapman Publishing Boyd, D. and Bee, H. (2007) The growing Child. eleventh edition. capital of MassachusettsPearson educational activity, Inc Curtis, A. and OHagan, M. (2003) sympathize with and Education in azoic Childhood. capital of the United Kingdom RoutledgeFalmer Maslow, A. (1970) penury and Personality. third edition. refreshful York harper & rowing O fsted (2008) School A vermiform process 1